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Maitreya (Theosophy)
The Maitreya or Lord Maitreya is described in Theosophical literature of the late 19th-century and subsequent periods as an advanced spiritual entity and high-ranking member of a hidden Spiritual Hierarchy, the so-called ''Masters of the Ancient Wisdom''. According to Theosophical doctrine, one of the Hierarchy's functions is to oversee the evolution of humankind; in accord with this function the Maitreya is said to hold the so-called ''Office of the World Teacher''. Theosophical texts posit that the purpose of this Office is to facilitate the transfer of knowledge about the true constitution and workings of Existence to humankind. Humanity is thereby assisted on its presumed cyclical, but ever progressive, evolutionary path. Reputedly, one way the knowledge transfer is accomplished is by Maitreya occasionally manifesting or incarnating in the physical realm; the manifested entity then assumes the role of ''World Teacher'' of Humankind.
The Theosophical concept of Maitreya has many similarities to the earlier Maitreya doctrine in Buddhism. However, they differ in important aspects, and developed differently. The Theosophical Maitreya has been assimilated or appropriated by a variety of quasi-theosophical and non-theosophical New Age and Esoteric groups and movements. These have added, and advanced, their own interpretations and commentary on the subject.
==Development of the Theosophical concept of the Maitreya==
The first mention of the Maitreya in a Theosophical context occurs in the 1883 work ''Esoteric Buddhism'' by Alfred Percy Sinnett (1840–1921), an early Theosophical writer.〔 Sinnett, Alfred Percy (1883). (''Esoteric Buddhism'' ) (2nd ed.). London: Trübner. p. 144. . Google Books Search. Retrieved 2011-05-16.〕 The concepts described by Sinnett were amended, elaborated on, and greatly expanded in ''The Secret Doctrine'', a book originally published 1888.〔 Blavatsky, Helena (1888). ''The Secret Doctrine: The Synthesis of Science, Religion, and Philosophy''. London: The Theosophical Publishing Company. .〕 The work was the magnum opus of Helena Blavatsky (1831–1891), one of the founders of the Theosophical Society and of contemporary Theosophy. In it, the messianic Maitreya is linked to both Buddhist and Hindu religious traditions.〔Blavatsky 1888. (Volume I: Cosmogenesis ). p. 384. 2005. Phoenix, Arizona: United Lodge of Theosophists. Retrieved 2011-04-13. "MAITREYA is the secret name of the Fifth Buddha, and the Kalki Avatar of the Brahmins—the last MESSIAH who will come at the culmination of the Great Cycle."〕 In the same work Blavatsky asserted that there have been, and will be, multiple messianic (or messianic-like) instances in human history.〔Blavatsky 1888. Volume I: Cosmogenesis. p. 653. "Why see in the ''Pisces'' a direct reference to Christ – one of the several world-reformers, a Saviour but for his direct followers, but only a great and glorious Initiate for all the rest – when that constellation shines as a symbol of all the past, present, and future Spiritual Saviours who dispense light and dispel mental darkness?" (in original ). Blavatsky is referring to the actual constellation of Pisces (Latin for fish), as well as to its astrological meaning. A fish symbol, Ichthys, had been used in religious representations in several ancient cultures and it was an important symbol in Early Christianity. According to Blavatsky's writings and those of other Theosophists, cosmogony and theogony are intimately related, and significant events of a spiritual nature (such as the appearance of a messiah) correspond to physical, cosmological phenomena.〕 These successive appearances of "emissarie() of Truth"〔 Blavatsky, Helena (1889). ("The Future of the Theosophical Society" ). ''The Key to Theosophy''. London: The Theosophical Publishing Company. pp. 304–307. . Wheaton, Maryland: theosophy.org. Retrieved 2011-04-13.〕 are according to Blavatsky part of the unceasing oversight of Earth and of its inhabitants by a hidden Spiritual Hierarchy, the so-called ''Masters of the Ancient Wisdom''.〔Blavatsky 1888. Volume I: Cosmogenesis. p. 612. "From the very beginning of Eons – in time and space in our Round and Globe – the Mysteries of Nature (at any rate, those which it is lawful for our races to know) were recorded by the pupils of those same now invisible 'heavenly men,' in geometrical figures and symbols. The keys thereto passed from one generation of 'wise men' to the other."〕〔Blavatsky 1888. "Our Divine Instructors". (Volume II: Anthropogenesis ). pp 365–378. 2005. Phoenix, Arizona: United Lodge of Theosophists. Retrieved 2011-04-13.〕
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